10 MILLION PEOPLE WILL DIE WITH ANTIBIOTIC FAILURE BY THE YEAR 2050

http://pharmanewshub.blogspot.in/2014/12/in-india-antibiotic-prescription-became.html

Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR):

     

    This is the condition in which the microbe shows resistance to the respected antibiotics. It mean that the microbe will not killed by antibiotic. This is also called as antibiotic failure.

Eg: Multi Drug Resistance by bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculae.

     

      Antibiotic resistance is the alarming future disaster in all over the world. Antibiotic is one of the chemical compounds that are developed to counteract bacteria, virus and all other microbes.

   

     They counteract microbes and kill them to protect body. Now a day’s means past from 20 years microbial infections occupies major part in disease conditions. Simultaneously antibiotic use also increases. Physicians are prescribing more antibiotics even for small diseases. Some physicians are prescribing strong antibiotics. So the antibiotic resistance is developing in the present society drastically.

      

     Once one microbe will develops resistance it never be killed by any antibiotic. So physicians should mind about this while prescribing antibiotics. Any treatment for infections by antibiotics must start with weak antibiotics. If that antibiotic dies not show action one should go for another antibiotic. But never use strong antibiotic initially. Antibiotic prescription needs evidence of culture sensitivity test. Prescribing antibiotic without culture test is not a rational prescribing.

      Researchers and professionals telling that antibiotic resistance will be the upcoming future disaster that the world should face.  It is the severe disaster than all other diseases. So, we have to search ways to avoid this.

Till today 7,00,000 people are suffering from AMR (Anti Microbial Resistance).

By the year 2050 it may be 10 million.

Several diseases are there that developing resistance to antibiotics. Some of them are,

1.  Cholera
2.  Tuberculosis
3.   Diarrhoea
4.  Measles
5. Tetanus etc.,

Reasons for the development of AMR:

The reasons may be;

1. Using antibiotics without prescription.
2. Prescribing antibiotics without proper evidence.
3. Prescribing strong antibiotics to small infections.

Steps to follow to avoid AMR:

1.  Should conduct culture sensitivity tests before going to prescribe antibiotics.
2.  Never use antibiotics without prescription.



Culture sensitivity test

3. Prescribe weak antibiotics initially.

          

Read More

SWINE FLU RETURNS…..BE ALERT

What is Swine flu:

It is one type of fever that is caused by Influenza virus. There are 3 types in Influenza virus.

1. A type
2.  B type 
3.   C type

B and C are present in human beings. No need to worry about these types. B type is present in humans, pigs and some birds. Swine flu disease is first found in Mexico where more pig farms are maintaining. They frequently use pork as their daily food. The virus present in pig was interacted with the virus present in human and it leads to formation of severe virus that is H1 N1 virus. This mechanism is called as Antigenic shift. This is the causative organism of Swine flu. This virus first transfer from pig to humans and again transmitted from human to human which became most dangerous and communicable disease worldwide. 

What is H1 N1:

Influenza virus contains 2 types of antigens- H and N. H antigen again contains 9 types 1-9. N antigen contains 1-15 types. Among these types of antigens any type can interact with any type and can form new antigens. Here also happens the same thing. 1 type of H is combined with 9 type of N and form H1N1 virus.

H1N1- Swine flu virus

H3N2- Flu virus

H5n5- Bird flu virus

Modes of Transmission of Swine flu:

1. Swine flu can be transmitted from men to men through droplets of infected person.
2.  This virus will releases into air by the person at the time of cough and sneeze.

Signs and Symptoms:

1.  Fever.
2.  Headache.
3.  Throat infection.
4.   Body aches.
5. Sneezing.
6. Fatigue etc.,

Diagnosis: 

Swine flu virus does not present in blood samples. It is present in fluids of nose and mouth. This will be collected by using ear bud and this will send for culture test. 

Current status of Swine flu:

Today swine flu is not a severe case because we have better treatment for this. In the year of 2009 and 2010 swine flu is a severe disease. But Researches and WHO is telling that, in future swine flu will become as severe disease due to it modes of transmission.  That’s why we have to be aware of this disease.

Prevention methods:

1. Isolation of patient.
2.  Use mask when going into crowd areas.
3. Wash hands with hand wash after sneezing .
4. Take proper diet.
5.  Use medicines as physician advice.
6. Swine flu Vaccination.

Read More

Common Symptoms of Cancer in Females.

Cancer:
 
    Cancer is the condition in which normal body cells will grow abnormally that will appear as tumors.  The developing cancers needs more nourishment than normal cells. So, they degrades body normal physiology. Final stage of cancer is fatal leads to death.

   Cancer is one of the fatal disease condition that increases day by day in modern world. There are 4 stages in the cancer based on severity of symptoms. If cancer detected in 1st  or 2nd stage it will be cured by using chemo and radiation therapy in 50 to 80% of cases. The main drawback of cancer is the detection of symptoms. Because the symptoms are not recognized up to 3rd stage. In 3rd stage the survival rate is minimum.

Breast cancer- Self examination

Ovarian cancer

   But now a days several treatment options are available for treating cancer. The only need is to detect the symptoms at early stage. So, normal people need to educate about symptoms of cancer. Here, we are giving some common symptoms of cancer that one should not ignore this symptoms.

They are,
1. Changes in Breast size, shape:
It may be the alarming sign for breast and ovarian cancer.

2. Bloating:
Females are common bloaters. But if excess bloating is there, you should consult gynecologist. It may be the symptom for ovarian cancer.

3. Skin change:
If the moles on skin getting changes in their size, color it may indicates skin cancer.

4. Lymph node changes:
Lymph nodes are commonly swells due to indications. But there is excessive swelling it may indicates Leukemia or  Lymphoma.


5. Swallowing difficulty:
If there is difficulty in swallowing it may indicates throat cancer if you are smokers. Swallowing difficulty is also one of the symptoms of Parkinsonism disease.

6. Fever:
If you are suffering from fever frequently along with other symptoms of cancer it may indicates cancer.

7. Heart burn:
If you are frequently suffering from heart burn along with blood stains in stool it may indicates colon cancer.

8. Blood in stools:
If you observe blood in stools at the geriatric age it may indicates colon cancer. Never ignore it.

9. Weight loss:
If you are loosing weight with out trying it indicates any type of cancer. Weight loss is also a common symptom for several diseases like thyroid disorders, diabetes etc.,

10. Mouth cahanges:
If you are a smoker and if you observe any colour changes on lips or any ulcers in mouth, it may indicates oral cancer.

11. Depression:
Although depression is the symptom for psychic disorders, cancer patients also experience depression in some rare conditions.


If you observe the above symptoms first you have to consult physician to relieve symptoms. If the symptoms do not relieve you should consult oncologist for cancer detection and treatment.

Read More

Safe and Effective Long-Acting Contraceptives LNG-IUS, ENG

Contraception:

Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of
 Ovulation,
 Fertilization and
 Implantation.
There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process.
1. Contraceptives
2. Condom and
3. Tubal ligation

Intrauterine contraception

Every women ovaries releases one egg (ovum) that have the potency to fertilize when male sperm come into contact with it. If there is no availability of sperm as in case of absence of sexual intercourse the egg get excreted through menstruation.
Now a days many young ladies wish to avoid pregnancy because of several reasons like
1. Career plannings
2. Health conciou
3. Family planning
4. Financial issues etc.,
It is not easy to go for Abortion after conceiving. So, contraceptives is one of the great invention of modern era to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Now a days women depends on contraceptive methods to avoid pregnancy. But some are thinking that the contraceptive methods are not safe for long term use.

Here, we have modern contraceptive methods which are safe on long term usage.
1. Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS)
2. Etonogestrel Sub dermal Implants (ENG)  

The researchers conducted study in U.S on long acting oral contraceptives found that the long term usage of LNG-IUS, ENG is safe. They also told that physicians has to counsel  about the long term use of this contraceptives.Contraceptives are majorly used by young ladies aged 15-44 years in U.S.

Usage of  LNG-IUS, ENG:
LNG-IUS, ENG are implanted by physicians (Obstetrician and gyneocologists).

Side effects of LNG-IUS, ENG:
No one medicine is safe without any side effects. contraceptives also involves some mild to moderate side effects as,
1. Abnormal bleeding
2. Uterine hemorrhage
3. Cervicitis
4. Excessive menstruation
5. Rarely serious adverse effect like Pelvic inflammation.

The failure of this contraceptive methods is less and some times no failure their pate at all.
The researchers also told that physicians has to consel their patients about the effecs of contraceptives and in case of side effects they have to prescribe Doxicycline, tranexamic acid mifepristone combined with estrogen etc., to treat infections.

Ultimately women has to use contraceptives under the supervision of physician to avoid serious side effects and patients has to monitor regularly for hormone levels. 

Read More

Adding Whole grains to Daily food increases Life Expectancy

• Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes risks are known to be decreased in the people who are taking whole grains in their daily diet. In U.S very few people are taking whole grains.
• 100gms of whole grains contain proteins equivalent to proteins present in 250gms of red meat. In 2010 U.S people take only 24g of whole grains which is equal to one whole grain bread slice. 
• By taking other food material instead of whole grains may increase incidence of cardiovascular risks.          

  

  Whole Grains

Properties of whole grains:

• Whole grains like wheat, corn, rye, oats and brown rice as well as barley, bulger, buckwheat, popcorn, amaranth and as well as added bran or germ having beneficial effect as its glycemic properties and nutrient contents are different from other food material. 
• The blood glucose and insulin levels are less likely changed with whole grains unlike to refined grains. So, the cardiovascular and diabetic risks are decreases.

How to take whole grains in daily food:

1. Take whole grains instead of snacks at evening times in the form of sprouts.
2. Take roti (chapatti) of whole grains instead of wheat roti.
3.  Take whole grain bread instead of milk bread.
4. Use rice bran oil in cooking instead of other edible oils.    

   

   Whole grain food

Beneficial nutrients present in Whole grains:

1. Magnesium
2. Vitamines
3. Lignans
4. Phenolic acid and
5. Alkylresorcinols.

Amazing facts of Whole grains:

1. Properties of Whole grains decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
2. Decreases the risk of Diabetes.
3. Maintain Blood glucose levels within limits in diabetic patients.
4. Maintain cholesterol levels in obese patients.
5. Give more fiber to the body.

Note: 

1. Cardiovascular risk is decreased by 9% with whole grains.
2. Mortality was decreased by 5% with whole grains.
3. The cancer risk is unchanged with Whole grains.

 

Read More

Alcohol Poisoning Deaths Increasing Day by Day

More than people die from alcohol poisoning every day in U.S. But the statistics in India are under estimated. So, we have also need to calculate alcoholic deaths.

Risk factors:

1.   Females are more prone to alcoholic deaths than male. The fatal dose of alcohol for men is 20g per    day for a week and for females is 12g per day for 1week.
 2.       Consumption of alcohol without food or along with smoking.
3.       Patients having history of liver and renal disorders.
4.       Diabetic patients.

Alcohol poisoning deaths are a heart breaking reminder of the dangers of excessive alcohol use, which is a leading cause of preventable deaths in world especially U.S.

So, we have to implement effective steps to decrease the alcoholic deaths by educating the people about effects of alcohol consumption.

Alcohol

Mechanism of alcoholic death:

Alcohol poisoning deaths are caused by drinking a large amount of alcohol in a short period which can depresses breathing, heart rate and body temperature. According to the CDCs Vital signs report, three quarters of alcohol poisoning deaths occurred in adults 35 to 64 years old.

Diseases associated with alcohol consumption:

1. Renal failure

2.Liver cirrhosis

3. Stroke

4. Several cancers

5. Mental disorders etc.,

Liver cirrhosis

Intervention:

Deaths from alcohol poisoning are a serious and preventable worldwide public problem. A comprehensive approach to the prevention of excessive drinking that includes evidence-based community and clinical prevention strategies is needed to decrease alcohol poisoning deaths and other harms attributable to excessive alcohol use.

Steps may decrease alcoholic deaths:

1.   Public awareness about alcoholic poisoning.
2.       Government strategies that alcohol selling restriction to the adults only.
3.       Immediate treatment for alcohol poisoning.

Read More

Nondrug Approaches to Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis:
Osteoarthritis is a common bone disorder among adults aged above 60. Females of postmenopausal stage are more prone to Osteoarthritis. This involvs degeneration of bone mass (degradation of bone cartilage). At menopause stage the sex hormones getting stopped in female which leads to come down of calcium levels in blood.

Thereby lack of calcium in the bones leads to weakening of bones. The bones get fractured evev for least stress. This is the reason why geriatrics are more prone to bone fractures.
 

Risk factors for Osteoarthritis:
1. Menopause
2. Nutrition deficiency
3. Obesity (Cause for frequent bone fractures)

Effects of Osteoarthritis:
1.Weakening of bones
2.  Frequent bone fractures.
3. More time taken to recover from bone fractures
4.  Pain at joints
5. Difficulty in walking etc.,

Drug approaches for Osteoarthritis:
1. NSAIDs
2. Analgesics
3. Calcium supplements etc.,

Recent studies told that the drug approaches to osteoarthritis does not show satisfactory results and the patients are not comfort with drug therapy because of most osteoarthritis patients are geriatrics.
So, we have to search for non drug approaches for osteoarthritis.
Here are some ways for that,
1. Follow strict diet to avoid obesity
2. Monitor for other underlying diseases
3. Simple body exercises at home with physician advice
4. Good social habitats(quit alcohol and smoking)
5. Maintain hygienic life style.

Quit alcohol and smoking

Control your weight

By following these simple advices one can come out from the symptoms of OA to some extent and may help the patients to extend their healthy life span.

Read More